Difference between revisions of "Apache 2"
Line 374: Line 374:
 
===Current limits===
 
===Current limits===
 
Some application are not available from outside…
 
Some application are not available from outside…
 +
* For security reasons [default URL is not allowed]
  
−
For security reasons [default URL is not allowed]
+
>> TODO: add pictures
 +
 
 +
* Due to network issues
 +
 
 +
>> TODO: add pictures
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Proxy module role===
 +
The proxy module allow you to provide access through transparent redirection.
 +
 
 +
It relies on:
 +
* Already open port (80 or 443)
 +
* Redirection rule
 +
* Each service URL must be unique
 +
* The target service must be reachable by the web server
 +
 
 +
>> TODO: add pictures
 +
 
 +
 
 +
As you can see on the following example, the previous services will be accessible using some dedicated URL.
 +
Remote “http://myServer/myService” will redirect to “http://localhost:8081”
 +
 
 +
→ The ''mod_proxy'' is none intrusive.
 +
You don’t have to change anything is the orginal service configuration. Apache2 will handle all the transformations.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Proxy / redirect / rewrite==
 +
When Apache2 receive a request it will be process in the following order:
 +
 
 +
>> TODO: add pictures
 +
 
 +
 
 +
So, even if you enable a full redirection to HTTPS you can still use some HTTP service through mod_proxy.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Enable proxy module==
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
a2enmod proxy proxy_http proxy_ajp
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
==Configure proxy redirections==
 +
You have to edit / create the configuration file.
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/proxy.conf
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Adjust the file to:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
<IfModule mod_proxy.c>
 +
#ProxyRequests On # Do NOT enable this
 +
 
 +
# Allow proxy for all incoming requests and users
 +
<Proxy *>
 +
AddDefaultCharset off
 +
Order deny,allow
 +
Allow from all
 +
Satisfy any
 +
</Proxy>
 +
 
 +
# Enable the handling of HTTP/1.1 "Via:" headers.
 +
ProxyVia On
 +
# Keep current server name in URL
 +
ProxyPreserveHost On
 +
 
 +
# ---------------------
 +
# Some proxy examples
 +
# ---------------------
 +
 
 +
# Service JIRA is on another computer, if local network
 +
ProxyPass /jira http://192.168.1.12:8080/jira
 +
ProxyPassReverse /jira http://192.168.1.12:8080/jira
 +
 
 +
# Service ARTIFACTORY runs on a different port
 +
ProxyPass /artifactory http://localhost:8081/artifactory
 +
ProxyPassReverse /artifactory http://localhost:8081/artifactory
 +
 
 +
</IfModule>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Some notes:
 +
* Do NOT put a / after the target URL
 +
* Do NOT use / as ProxyPass source, use the previous redirect permanent instead
 +
 
 +
Apply changes and test result
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
service apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Navigate to http://myServer/artifactory
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=Apache 2 configuration # LDAP authentication=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Enable LDAP module==
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
a2enmod authnz_ldap
 +
service apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Configuration==
 +
You can use the following settings inside a “.htaccess” or “VirtualHost” configuration:
 +
 
 +
Edit configuration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Adjust your virtual-host like that:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
# LDAP protected directory
 +
<Directory /var/www/ssl/secure>
 +
  Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
 +
  AllowOverride None
 +
  Order allow,deny
 +
  allow from all
 +
 
 +
  AuthType basic
 +
  AuthName "Secure area"
 +
  AuthBasicProvider ldap
 +
  AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://localhost:389/{LDAP ou=,dc=}?uid"
 +
  Require valid-user
 +
 
 +
  # example
 +
  # AuthLDAPBindDN "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=daxiongmao,dc=eu"
 +
  # AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://localhost:389/ou=people,dc=dev,dc=daxiongmao,dc=eu?uid"
 +
 
 +
</Directory>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Secure all the website==
 +
You have to adjust you document root like that:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
 +
 
 +
# Restrict access to document root
 +
DocumentRoot /var/www/daxiongmao-ssl
 +
<Directory />
 +
Options FollowSymLinks
 +
AllowOverride None
 +
Order allow,deny
 +
deny from all
 +
</Directory>
 +
<Directory /var/www/daxiongmao-ssl>
 +
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
 +
AllowOverride None
 +
Order allow,deny
 +
allow from all
 +
 +
AuthType basic
 +
AuthName "Secure area"
 +
AuthBasicProvider ldap
 +
AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://localhost:389/ou=people,dc=dev,dc=daxiongmao,dc=eu?uid"
 +
Require valid-user
 +
</Directory>
 +
[…]
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=Apache 2 configuration # Advanced configuration=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Enable redirections==
 +
Mod rewrite allows you to redirect source URL to another one.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Enable module===
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
a2enmod rewrite
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Alias redirection===
 +
 
 +
Edit configuration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
HTTP virtual host = redirect to HTTPS
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
<VirtualHost *:80>
 +
RewriteRule ^/myAlias(/.*|$)    https://%{HTTP_HOST}/myAlias$1 [L,R]
 +
<Location /myAlias >
 +
order deny,allow
 +
deny from all
 +
                # Only allow specific IP@
 +
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
 +
                allow from all
 +
</Location>
 +
</VirtualHost>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
HTTPS virtual host = service declaration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
 +
# PHPSecInfo
 +
Alias /myAlias  /var/www/myAlias
 +
<Location /myAlias >
 +
order deny,allow
 +
deny from all
 +
                # Only allow specific IP@
 +
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
 +
                allow from all
 +
        </Location>
 +
</VirtualHost>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Reload your configuration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Redirect HTTP to HTTPS===
 +
This is not the recommended method. You should use the previous method instead.
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
<VirtualHost *:80>
 +
ServerAdmin guillaume@qin-diaz.com
 +
ServerName dev.daxiongmao.eu
 +
ServerAlias *.dev.daxiongmao.eu dev.qin-diaz.com www.dev.qin-diaz.com
 +
 
 +
### LOG ###
 +
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/daxiongmao/error.log
 +
LogLevel warn
 +
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/daxiongmao/access.log combined
 +
 +
## Redirect all traffic to HTTPS website
 +
        RewriteEngine On
 +
 
 +
        # This checks to make sure the connection is not already HTTPS
 +
        RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
 +
 
 +
        # This rule will redirect users from their original location,
 +
        # to the same location but using HTTPS.
 +
        RewriteRule ^/?(.*) https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]
 +
 +
## No need of a document root anymore as everything is redirect
 +
 +
</VirtualHost>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Module configuration===
 +
Create the module configuration file
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/rewrite.conf
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Copy / paste this configuration (adjust to your own settings!)
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
  RewriteEngine On
 +
  # --------------------- SECURITY RULES (JOOMLA) ------------------------ #
 +
  ## End of deny access to extension xml files
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D) [OR]
 +
  # Block out any script trying to base64_encode crap to send via URL
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_encode.*\(.*\) [OR]
 +
  # Block out any script that includes a <script> tag in URL
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*script.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]
 +
  # Block out any script trying to set a PHP GLOBALS variable via URL
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]
 +
  # Block out any script trying to modify a _REQUEST variable via URL
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} _REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})
 +
  # Send all blocked request to homepage with 403 Forbidden error!
 +
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [F,L]
 +
  # --------------------- SECURITY RULES (PERSONAL) ------------------------ #
 +
  ## DENY REQUEST BASED ON REQUEST METHOD ###
 +
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK|OPTIONS|HEAD)$ [NC]
 +
  RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} (GET|POST) [NC]
 +
  RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F]
 +
  # Eviter les failles de securite
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)http(\:|\%3A)(.*)$
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig_ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)(%3C|<)/?script(.*)$ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)(%3D|=)?javascript(%3A|:)(.*)$ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)document\.location\.href(.*)$ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)base64_encode(.*)$ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)GLOBALS(=|[|%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})(.*)$ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)_REQUEST(=|[|%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})(.*)$ [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)(SELECT|INSERT|DELETE|CHAR\(|UPDATE|REPLACE|LIMIT)(.*)$
 +
  # Eviter les erreurs basiques
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \.\.\/    [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} boot\.ini [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} tag\=    [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ftp\:    [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} http\:    [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} https\:  [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(\(|\)|<|>|'|"|\?|\*).* [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(%22|%27|%3C|%3D|%3E|%7B|%7C).* [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(%0|%A|%B|%C|%D|%F|127\.0).* [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(globals|encode|localhost|loopback).* [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(select|insert|union|declare|drop).* [NC]
 +
  RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]
 +
 
 +
  # Ban Typical Vulnerability Scanners and others
 +
  # Kick out Script Kiddies
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^(java|curl|wget).* [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(libwww-perl|curl|wget|python|nikto|wkito|pikto|scan|acunetix).* [NC,OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(winhttp|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner).* [NC,OR]
 +
  # Eviter les programmes de Zombies
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Anarchie [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ASPSeek [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^attach [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^autoemailspider [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xaldon\ WebSpider [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xenu [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus.*Webster [OR]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus
 +
  RewriteRule ^.* - [F,L]
 +
 
 +
  # Allow the robots to reference our website
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Googlebot [NC]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Googlebot-Image [NC]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Googlebot-Mobile [NC]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Msnbot [NC]
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Mediapartners-Google [NC]
 +
 
 +
  # Keep request without referer
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$
 +
 
 +
  # To allow your pictures to be displayed on Google
 +
  RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://.*google\.(comŠ(co\.)?[a-z]{2})/
 +
  # To forbid the copy of your pictures to anyone else : display an other image !
 +
  RewriteRule .*\.(jpe?g|gif|bmp|png)$ /images/hotlinkis.jpg [L]
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Take changes into account===
 +
You have to restart the server to use this settings
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
service apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Ports number==
 +
You can change the Apache2 server ports
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/ports.conf
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Edit
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
# HTTP
 +
Listen 80
 +
# HTTPS
 +
Listen 443
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Restricted access==
 +
Edit configuration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
If your server is directly accessible on Internet: you should protect it!
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
# Disable access to the entire file system except for the directories that
 +
# are explicitly allowed later.
 +
#
 +
<Directory />
 +
        AllowOverride None
 +
        Order Deny,Allow
 +
        Deny from all
 +
</Directory>
 +
 
 +
# Protect .htacess files
 +
<Files ~ "^\.ht">
 +
    Order allow,deny
 +
    Deny from all
 +
</Files>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Be discreet!==
 +
Check the current server status using a simple PHP info file
 +
 
 +
Do not gives details about your configuration to outsiders.
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/security
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Set the following settings
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
#### Ask your server to be more discret!
 +
# ServerTokens
 +
# Set to one of:  Full | OS | Minimal | Minor | Major | Prod
 +
ServerTokens Prod
 +
 
 +
ServerSignature Off
 +
TraceEnable Off
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Restart Apache2
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
service apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Re-run PHP info, you should have less information.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=Apache 2 and PHP5: Secure your installation!=
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==PHP Security Info==
 +
If you want to test your PHP security, you can use the PHPSecInfo tool, available at: http://phpsec.org/projects/phpsecinfo/index.html
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Installation===
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
cd /tmp
 +
wget http://phpsec.org/projects/phpsecinfo/phpsecinfo.zip
 +
unzip phpsecinfo.zip
 +
mv phpsecinfo-Version phpsecinfo
 +
mv phpsecinfo/ /var/www
 +
cd /var/www
 +
chown -R www-data:www-data phpsecinfo
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Virtual host configuration===
 +
Edit configuration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
!! For security reason: DO NOT use 'phpsecinfo' as alias. It's too easy to guess.
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
<VirtualHost *:80>
 +
# Advanced redirection – Only allow specific IP @
 +
RewriteRule ^/phpsec(/.*|$)    https://%{HTTP_HOST}/phpsec$1 [L,R]
 +
<Location /phpsec >
 +
order deny,allow
 +
deny from all
 +
                # Only allow specific IP@
 +
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
 +
                allow from all
 +
</Location>
 +
</VirtualHost>
 +
 
 +
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
 +
# PHPSecInfo
 +
Alias /phpsec  /var/www/phpsecinfo
 +
<Location /phpsec >
 +
order deny,allow
 +
deny from all
 +
                # Only allow specific IP@
 +
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
 +
              allow from all
 +
        </Location>
 +
</VirtualHost>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Reload your configuration
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Run the test===
 +
To asset your current installation you can run the test: https:// myServer/phpsec
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Improve security==
 +
 
 +
===PHP5 sessions and temp files===
 +
Create specific directory to store the sessions and temp files:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
mkdir -p /etc/php5/temp
 +
mkdir -p /etc/php5/session
 +
chown -R www-data:root /etc/php5/temp
 +
chown -R www-data:root /etc/php5/session
 +
chmod -R 770 /etc/php5/session
 +
chmod -R 770 /etc/php5/temp
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Edit the configuration file
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
line 798 → upload_tmp_dir = /etc/php5/temp
 +
line 1409 → session.save_path = "/etc/php5/session"
 +
 
 +
===PHP5 tweak===
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
line 261 → expose_php = Off
 +
line 480 → display_errors=Off
 +
line 675 → post_max_size=256K
 +
line 814 → allow_url_fopen=Off
 +
 
 +
DO NOT enable the open_basedir (even if the test say so! It’s a troublesome setting)
 +
 
 +
Restart your server to load the changes:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
service apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Re-run the test. Then:
 +
* Ignore the open_basedir and upload_tmp_dir alerts, if any.
 +
* You can enable some specific options with a .htaccess file
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Change Apache 2 UID===
 +
Do not change the UID if you already have install web programs such as phpldapadmin or phpmyadmin, cacti, ...
 +
 
 +
====Change the Apache UID====
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/group
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Change www-data UID
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
    www-data:x:10033:
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
====Change the Apache GID====
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/passwd
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Change the group settings
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
www-data:x:10033:10033:www-data:/var/www:/bin/false
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Apply modifications
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/*
 +
chown -R www-data:root /etc/php5/*
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
To take on the modifications you have to reboot your server.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Avoid DOS attacks===
 +
Source: Linux mag’ – Hors serie Apache2
 +
 
 +
You can protect your server from Denial Of Service (DOS) attacks through mod_evasive
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
apt-get install libapache2-mod-evasive
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Prepare log directory
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
mkdir /var/log/apache2/mod_evasive
 +
chown -R www-data:www-data  /var/log/apache2/mod_evasive
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Enable module
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
a2enmod mod-evasive
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Configuration===
 +
Create the configuration file
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/mod_evasive.conf
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Put:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
# Mod evasive configuration
 +
# Based upon Linux Mag
 +
<IfModule mod_evasive20.c>
 +
DOSHashTableSize 3097
 +
 
 +
# Limit user to 5 pages per 2 seconds
 +
DOSPageCount 5
 +
DOSPageInterval 2
 +
 
 +
# No more than 100 HTTP request per second (HTML, CSS, images, …)
 +
DOSSiteCount 100
 +
DOSSiteInterval 1
 +
 
 +
# Block client for 300 seconds
 +
DOSBlockingPeriod 300
 +
# Send alert email
 +
#DOSEmailNotify "admin@myDomain"
 +
 
 +
# Log directory
 +
DOSLogDir "/var/log/apache2/mod_evasive"
 +
 
 +
# Command to execute on ban
 +
#DOSSystemCommand "/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %s -j DROP"
 +
 
 +
# Ignore following IP and networks
 +
DOSWhiteList 127.0.0.1
 +
#DOSWhitelist 66.249.65.*
 +
<IfModule mod_evasive20.c>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
DosHashTableSize = Size of the hash table.
 +
* The greater, the more memory is required but the faster it is! The value must be a prime number
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Apply changes
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
service apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=Apache2 configuration # Improve server performances=
 +
 
 +
==Mod deflate: improved the bandwidth==
 +
 
 +
To improve the bandwidth, you can compress pages and type of content.
 +
 
 +
=> You can improved your bandwidth from 20 to 30%.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
To do so, you need a specific module for Apache: mod_deflate
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
a2enmod deflate
 +
touch /var/log/apache2/deflate.log
 +
chown www-data:www-data /var/log/apache2/deflate.log
 +
chmod 740 /var/log/apache2/deflate.log
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Edit your web server configuration file:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/deflate.conf
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Add the following lines:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
### Bandwidth optimization
 +
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
 +
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/javascript text/css application/x-javascript
 +
DeflateFilterNote deflate_ratio
 +
LogFormat "%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
 +
CustomLog /var/log/apache2/deflate.log vhost_with_deflate_info
 +
</IfModule>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Restart your web server:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Mod expires: use the cache of your clients==
 +
Another way to improve performances and bandwidth: use the client's cache.
 +
 
 +
To do so, you need a specific module for Apache: mod_expires
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
a2enmod expires
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Edit your web server configuration file:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
vim /etc/apache2/expires.conf
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Add the following lines
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
#### Client's cache settings
 +
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
 +
ExpiresActive on
 +
# set the default to 24 hours
 +
ExpiresDefault "access plus 24 hours"
 +
# cache shockwave-flash for 2 weeks (days | weeks | mounths | years)
 +
ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 2 weeks"
 +
ExpiresByType flv-application/octet-stream "access plus 3 days"
 +
# cache common graphics for 3 days
 +
ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 2 weeks"
 +
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 2 weeks"
 +
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 2 weeks"
 +
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 2 weeks"
 +
# cache CSS for 24 hours
 +
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 24 hours"
 +
</IfModule>
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 
 +
Restart your web server:
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 +
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
 +
</syntaxhighlight>

Revision as of 22:48, 26 January 2014

Contents

Requirements

Before going through this tutorial, I recommend you to:

  • Setup a MySQL database
  • Setup SSL infrastructure and create a server certificate
  • Setup LDAP


Installation

Apache 2

This will install web server + PHP + Perl + all required libraries.

Apache2 core 

apt-get install apache2 apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils ssl-cert

Additional libraries 

apt-get install libapache2-mod-fcgid libruby libapache2-mod-ruby

Doc 

apt-get install apache2-doc

Perl 

apt-get install libapache2-mod-perl2 libapache2-mod-perl2-doc


PHP 5

Core 

apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 php5 php5-common

Module PHP5 

apt-get install php5-curl php5-dev php5-gd php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt 
apt-get install php5-memcache php5-mhash php5-mysql php5-snmp php5-xmlrpc php5-xcache php5-curl php5-xsl

Additional libs 

apt-get install php5-cli php5-cgi php-pear php-auth php5-mcrypt mcrypt

Image Magick 

apt-get install php5-imagick imagemagick


Firewall

You have to open the following ports:

  • Port 80 = HTTP
  • Port 443 = HTTPS
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -p tcp -m state -i eth0 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -p tcp -m state -i eth0 --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

Restart the firewall 

/etc/init.d/firewall restart


PHP 5

Edit config file: 

vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

Add / uncomment the following lines in Dynamic extensions area (~ line 865)

  • extension=mysql.so
  • extension=gd.so


Apache 2 configuration # Multi-threading

MPM prefork

This manage processes

  • Max clients = nb of max simultaneous requests that the server can handle
  • Server limit = max nb of process that the server can handle
  • Start servers = nb of process to create on server start
  • Min / Max spare servers = nb of min / max process listening for incoming request
  • Max request per child = nb of requests that each process can execute
vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Let default values; put a limit to MaxRequestsPerChild at 100 000


MPM worker

This manage threads. Threads are executed within a specific process. All process’ threads share the same context and global variables. 

vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Let default values; put a limit to MaxRequestsPerChild at 10 000


Apache 2 configuration # Virtual host

Preparation

Initialize configuration 

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/
cp default myServer

Create target directory 

mkdir -p /var/www/myServer

Prepare the log files 

mkdir -p /var/log/apache2/myServer
touch /var/log/apache2/myServer/access.log
touch /var/log/apache2/myServer/error.log
chmod -R 660 /var/log/apache2/myServer/*
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/log/apache2/myServer/*


Configuration

Init configuration 

cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer


Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer


To begin the virtual host, write the following lines: → Adjust the settings to your own configuration 

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:80>		  → Choose the best options for your needs
<VirtualHost *:80>

	ServerName		myServer
	ServerAlias		www.myServer *.myServer
	ServerAdmin		webmaster@domain
	
	# Logs settings
	LogLevel		Warn
	CustomLog		{APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myServer/access.log combined
	ErrorLog		{APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myServer/error.log

	# Root folder properties
	DocumentRoot	/var/www/myServer
	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks 
		AllowOverride None
	</Directory>
        <Directory /var/www/myServer />
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	# Scripts CGI
	# [ required for PHP 5 ]
	ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin
	<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
		AllowOverride None
		Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
		Order allow,deny
		Allow from all
	</Directory>

</VirtualHost>


Activation of a Virtual Host

To activate a Virtual Host, just type 

a2ensite  myServer

Then, restart your web server 

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart


Apache 2 configuration # SSL Virtual host

Create SSL certificate

First of all, you need to create a server certificate. Cf. SSL dedicated document → Create a new server certificate >> TODO : link to SSL page


Enable SSL module

Create symlinks for server certificate 

ln -s /srv/ssl/certs/myServer.cert.pem /etc/apache2/webServer.pem
ln -s /srv/ssl/private/ myServer.nopass.key /etc/apache2/webServer.key

Activate the SSL module 

a2enmod ssl


Prepare virtual host

Create virtual host folder 

mkdir -p /var/www/myServer-ssl
cp /var/www/index.html /var/www/myServer-ssl
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/myServer-ssl


Prepare the log files

mkdir -p /var/log/apache2/myServer-ssl
touch /var/log/apache2/myServer-ssl/error.log
touch /var/log/apache2/myServer-ssl/access.log
chmod 660 /var/log/apache2/*
chown root:www-data /var/log/apache2/*


Virtual host declaration

Init configuration 

cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer-ssl

Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer-ssl

Then, you will need to edit the Virtual Host configuration file: 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-availables/virtualHostName

!! Adjust the settings to your own configuration 

# Secure web server
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
<VirtualHost 192.168.0.100:443>		   → Choose the best options for your needs
<VirtualHost *:443>

	ServerName		myServer
	ServerAlias		www.myServer *.myServer
	ServerAdmin		webmaster@domain
	
	# Logs settings
	LogLevel		Warn
	CustomLog		{APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myServer-ssl/access.log combined
	ErrorLog		{APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myServer-ssl/error.log

	# Root folder properties
	DocumentRoot	/var/www/myServer-ssl

        # Enable SSL
        SSLEngine               	On
        SSLCertificateFile      	/etc/apache2/webServer.pem
        SSLCertificateKeyFile   	/etc/apache2/webServer.key

        # Root directory properties
        <Directory /var/www/ssl />
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AllowOverride None
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
        </Directory>

        ##########################
        # ALIAS AND REDIRECTIONS #
        ##########################

</VirtualHost>

Enable site 

a2ensite myServer-ssl

Restart the web server 

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Accept auto-signed certificate

Go to https://myServer/certs/ Cf SSL document to get installation details


Apache 2 configuration # Redirect HTTP to HTTPS

The safer way to redirect HTTP to HTTPS is use to adjust the virtual host configuration.

Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer

Make it looks like: 

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin guillaume@qin-diaz.com

	ServerName dev.daxiongmao.eu
	ServerAlias *.dev.daxiongmao.eu dev.qin-diaz.com www.dev.qin-diaz.com

	### LOG ###
	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/daxiongmao/error.log
	LogLevel warn
	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/daxiongmao/access.log combined
	
	## Redirect all traffic to HTTPS website
	redirect permanent / https://myServer/
	
	## No need of a document root anymore as everything is redirect
	
</VirtualHost>

You can remove:

  • Document root
  • CGI url
  • All the alias

Restart your server 

service apache2 restart


Apache 2 # redirections using mod_proxy

Thanks to Julien Rialland for his insight regarding this part!


Principle

The proxy module allow you to redirect remote user to a specific server that can be host on a different machine or port through a clear URL.


Current limits

Some application are not available from outside…

  • For security reasons [default URL is not allowed]

>> TODO: add pictures

  • Due to network issues

>> TODO: add pictures


Proxy module role

The proxy module allow you to provide access through transparent redirection.

It relies on:

  • Already open port (80 or 443)
  • Redirection rule
  • Each service URL must be unique
  • The target service must be reachable by the web server

>> TODO: add pictures


As you can see on the following example, the previous services will be accessible using some dedicated URL. Remote “http://myServer/myService” will redirect to “http://localhost:8081”

→ The mod_proxy is none intrusive. You don’t have to change anything is the orginal service configuration. Apache2 will handle all the transformations.


Proxy / redirect / rewrite

When Apache2 receive a request it will be process in the following order:

>> TODO: add pictures


So, even if you enable a full redirection to HTTPS you can still use some HTTP service through mod_proxy.


Enable proxy module

a2enmod proxy proxy_http proxy_ajp

Configure proxy redirections

You have to edit / create the configuration file. 

vim /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/proxy.conf

Adjust the file to: 

<IfModule mod_proxy.c>
	#ProxyRequests On					# Do NOT enable this

	# Allow proxy for all incoming requests and users
	<Proxy *>
		AddDefaultCharset off
		Order deny,allow
		Allow from all
		Satisfy any
	</Proxy>

	# Enable the handling of HTTP/1.1 "Via:" headers.
	ProxyVia On
	# Keep current server name in URL
	ProxyPreserveHost On

	# ---------------------
	# Some proxy examples
	# ---------------------

	# Service JIRA is on another computer, if local network
	ProxyPass /jira http://192.168.1.12:8080/jira
	ProxyPassReverse /jira http://192.168.1.12:8080/jira

	# Service ARTIFACTORY runs on a different port
	ProxyPass /artifactory http://localhost:8081/artifactory
	ProxyPassReverse /artifactory http://localhost:8081/artifactory

</IfModule>

Some notes:

  • Do NOT put a / after the target URL
  • Do NOT use / as ProxyPass source, use the previous redirect permanent instead

Apply changes and test result 

service apache2 restart

Navigate to http://myServer/artifactory


Apache 2 configuration # LDAP authentication

Enable LDAP module

a2enmod authnz_ldap
service apache2 restart


Configuration

You can use the following settings inside a “.htaccess” or “VirtualHost” configuration:

Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer

Adjust your virtual-host like that: 

# LDAP protected directory
<Directory /var/www/ssl/secure>
   Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
   AllowOverride None
   Order allow,deny
   allow from all

   AuthType basic
   AuthName "Secure area"	
   AuthBasicProvider ldap
   AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://localhost:389/{LDAP ou=,dc=}?uid"
   Require valid-user

   # example
   # AuthLDAPBindDN "cn=admin,dc=dev,dc=daxiongmao,dc=eu"
   # AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://localhost:389/ou=people,dc=dev,dc=daxiongmao,dc=eu?uid"

</Directory>


Secure all the website

You have to adjust you document root like that: 

<VirtualHost _default_:443>

	# Restrict access to document root
	DocumentRoot /var/www/daxiongmao-ssl
	<Directory />
		Options FollowSymLinks
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		deny from all
	</Directory>
	<Directory /var/www/daxiongmao-ssl>
		Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride None
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
		
		AuthType basic
		AuthName "Secure area"	
		AuthBasicProvider ldap
		AuthLDAPUrl "ldap://localhost:389/ou=people,dc=dev,dc=daxiongmao,dc=eu?uid"
		Require valid-user
	</Directory>
[…]


Apache 2 configuration # Advanced configuration

Enable redirections

Mod rewrite allows you to redirect source URL to another one.


Enable module

a2enmod rewrite


Alias redirection

Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer

HTTP virtual host = redirect to HTTPS 

<VirtualHost *:80>
	RewriteRule ^/myAlias(/.*|$)    https://%{HTTP_HOST}/myAlias$1 [L,R]
	<Location /myAlias >
		order deny,allow
		deny from all
                # Only allow specific IP@
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0	
                allow from all
	</Location>
</VirtualHost>

HTTPS virtual host = service declaration 

<VirtualHost _default_:443>
	# PHPSecInfo
	Alias 	/myAlias   /var/www/myAlias
	<Location /myAlias >
		order deny,allow
		deny from all
                # Only allow specific IP@
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0	
                allow from all
        </Location>
</VirtualHost>

Reload your configuration 

/etc/init.d/apache2 reload


Redirect HTTP to HTTPS

This is not the recommended method. You should use the previous method instead. 

<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerAdmin guillaume@qin-diaz.com
	ServerName dev.daxiongmao.eu
	ServerAlias *.dev.daxiongmao.eu dev.qin-diaz.com www.dev.qin-diaz.com

	### LOG ###
	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/daxiongmao/error.log
	LogLevel warn
	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/daxiongmao/access.log combined
	
	## Redirect all traffic to HTTPS website
        RewriteEngine On

        # This checks to make sure the connection is not already HTTPS
        RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on

        # This rule will redirect users from their original location, 
        # to the same location but using HTTPS.
        RewriteRule ^/?(.*) https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]
	
	## No need of a document root anymore as everything is redirect
	
</VirtualHost>


Module configuration

Create the module configuration file 

vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/rewrite.conf

Copy / paste this configuration (adjust to your own settings!) 

   RewriteEngine On
   # --------------------- SECURITY RULES (JOOMLA) ------------------------ #
   ## End of deny access to extension xml files
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig_[a-zA-Z_]{1,21}(=|\%3D) [OR]
   # Block out any script trying to base64_encode crap to send via URL
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} base64_encode.*\(.*\) [OR]
   # Block out any script that includes a <script> tag in URL
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (\<|%3C).*script.*(\>|%3E) [NC,OR]
   # Block out any script trying to set a PHP GLOBALS variable via URL
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} GLOBALS(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2}) [OR]
   # Block out any script trying to modify a _REQUEST variable via URL
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} _REQUEST(=|\[|\%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})
   # Send all blocked request to homepage with 403 Forbidden error!
   RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [F,L]
   # --------------------- SECURITY RULES (PERSONAL) ------------------------ #
   ## DENY REQUEST BASED ON REQUEST METHOD ###
   RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} ^(TRACE|TRACK|OPTIONS|HEAD)$ [NC]
   RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} (GET|POST) [NC]
   RewriteRule ^.*$ - [F]
   # Eviter les failles de securite
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)http(\:|\%3A)(.*)$
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig_ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)(%3C|<)/?script(.*)$ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)(%3D|=)?javascript(%3A|:)(.*)$ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)document\.location\.href(.*)$ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)base64_encode(.*)$ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)GLOBALS(=|[|%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})(.*)$ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)_REQUEST(=|[|%[0-9A-Z]{0,2})(.*)$ [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^(.*)(SELECT|INSERT|DELETE|CHAR\(|UPDATE|REPLACE|LIMIT)(.*)$
   # Eviter les erreurs basiques
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} \.\.\/    [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} boot\.ini [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} tag\=     [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ftp\:     [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} http\:    [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} https\:   [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} mosConfig [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(\(|\)|<|>|'|"|\?|\*).* [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(%22|%27|%3C|%3D|%3E|%7B|%7C).* [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(%0|%A|%B|%C|%D|%F|127\.0).* [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(globals|encode|localhost|loopback).* [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^.*(select|insert|union|declare|drop).* [NC]
   RewriteRule ^(.*)$ - [F,L]

   # Ban Typical Vulnerability Scanners and others
   # Kick out Script Kiddies
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^(java|curl|wget).* [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(libwww-perl|curl|wget|python|nikto|wkito|pikto|scan|acunetix).* [NC,OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(winhttp|HTTrack|clshttp|archiver|loader|email|harvest|extract|grab|miner).* [NC,OR]
   # Eviter les programmes de Zombies
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Anarchie [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^ASPSeek [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^attach [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^autoemailspider [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xaldon\ WebSpider [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Xenu [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus.*Webster [OR]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Zeus
   RewriteRule ^.* - [F,L]

   # Allow the robots to reference our website
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Googlebot [NC]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Googlebot-Image [NC]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Googlebot-Mobile [NC]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Msnbot [NC]
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} !^Mediapartners-Google [NC]

   # Keep request without referer
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$

   # To allow your pictures to be displayed on Google
   RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://.*google\.(comŠ(co\.)?[a-z]{2})/
   # To forbid the copy of your pictures to anyone else : display an other image !
   RewriteRule .*\.(jpe?g|gif|bmp|png)$ /images/hotlinkis.jpg [L]


Take changes into account

You have to restart the server to use this settings 

service apache2 restart


Ports number

You can change the Apache2 server ports 

vim /etc/apache2/ports.conf

Edit 

# HTTP
Listen 80
# HTTPS 
Listen 443


Restricted access

Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer

If your server is directly accessible on Internet: you should protect it! 

# Disable access to the entire file system except for the directories that
# are explicitly allowed later.
#
<Directory />
        AllowOverride None
        Order Deny,Allow
        Deny from all
</Directory>

# Protect .htacess files
<Files ~ "^\.ht">
    Order allow,deny
    Deny from all
</Files>


Be discreet!

Check the current server status using a simple PHP info file

Do not gives details about your configuration to outsiders. 

vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/security

Set the following settings 

#### Ask your server to be more discret!
# ServerTokens
# Set to one of:  Full | OS | Minimal | Minor | Major | Prod
ServerTokens Prod

ServerSignature Off
TraceEnable Off

Restart Apache2 

service apache2 restart

Re-run PHP info, you should have less information.


Apache 2 and PHP5: Secure your installation!

PHP Security Info

If you want to test your PHP security, you can use the PHPSecInfo tool, available at: http://phpsec.org/projects/phpsecinfo/index.html


Installation

cd /tmp
wget http://phpsec.org/projects/phpsecinfo/phpsecinfo.zip
unzip phpsecinfo.zip
mv phpsecinfo-Version phpsecinfo
mv phpsecinfo/ /var/www
cd /var/www
chown -R www-data:www-data phpsecinfo


Virtual host configuration

Edit configuration 

vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/myServer

!! For security reason: DO NOT use 'phpsecinfo' as alias. It's too easy to guess. 

<VirtualHost *:80>
	# Advanced redirection – Only allow specific IP @
	RewriteRule ^/phpsec(/.*|$)    https://%{HTTP_HOST}/phpsec$1 [L,R]
	<Location /phpsec >
		order deny,allow
		deny from all
                # Only allow specific IP@
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0	
                allow from all
	</Location>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost _default_:443>
	# PHPSecInfo
	Alias 	/phpsec   /var/www/phpsecinfo
	<Location /phpsec >
		order deny,allow
		deny from all
                # Only allow specific IP@
                # allow from 127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0	
               allow from all
         </Location>
</VirtualHost>

Reload your configuration 

/etc/init.d/apache2 reload


Run the test

To asset your current installation you can run the test: https:// myServer/phpsec


Improve security

PHP5 sessions and temp files

Create specific directory to store the sessions and temp files: 

mkdir -p /etc/php5/temp
mkdir -p /etc/php5/session
chown -R www-data:root /etc/php5/temp
chown -R www-data:root /etc/php5/session
chmod -R 770 /etc/php5/session
chmod -R 770 /etc/php5/temp

Edit the configuration file 

vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

line 798 → upload_tmp_dir = /etc/php5/temp line 1409 → session.save_path = "/etc/php5/session"

PHP5 tweak

vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

line 261 → expose_php = Off line 480 → display_errors=Off line 675 → post_max_size=256K line 814 → allow_url_fopen=Off

DO NOT enable the open_basedir (even if the test say so! It’s a troublesome setting)

Restart your server to load the changes: 

service apache2 restart

Re-run the test. Then:

  • Ignore the open_basedir and upload_tmp_dir alerts, if any.
  • You can enable some specific options with a .htaccess file


Change Apache 2 UID

Do not change the UID if you already have install web programs such as phpldapadmin or phpmyadmin, cacti, ...

Change the Apache UID

vim /etc/group

Change www-data UID 

    www-data:x:10033:

Change the Apache GID

 
vim /etc/passwd

Change the group settings 

	www-data:x:10033:10033:www-data:/var/www:/bin/false

Apply modifications 

chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/*
chown -R www-data:root /etc/php5/*

To take on the modifications you have to reboot your server.


Avoid DOS attacks

Source: Linux mag’ – Hors serie Apache2

You can protect your server from Denial Of Service (DOS) attacks through mod_evasive 

apt-get install libapache2-mod-evasive

Prepare log directory 

mkdir /var/log/apache2/mod_evasive
chown -R www-data:www-data  /var/log/apache2/mod_evasive

Enable module 

a2enmod mod-evasive


Configuration

Create the configuration file 

vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/mod_evasive.conf

Put: 

# Mod evasive configuration
# Based upon Linux Mag 
<IfModule mod_evasive20.c>
	DOSHashTableSize 3097 

	# Limit user to 5 pages per 2 seconds
	DOSPageCount 5
	DOSPageInterval 2 

	# No more than 100 HTTP request per second (HTML, CSS, images, …) 
	DOSSiteCount 100
	DOSSiteInterval 1

	# Block client for 300 seconds
	DOSBlockingPeriod 300 
	# Send alert email
	#DOSEmailNotify "admin@myDomain" 

	# Log directory
	DOSLogDir "/var/log/apache2/mod_evasive" 

	# Command to execute on ban
	#DOSSystemCommand "/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %s -j DROP"

	# Ignore following IP and networks
	DOSWhiteList 127.0.0.1 
	#DOSWhitelist 66.249.65.*
<IfModule mod_evasive20.c>

DosHashTableSize = Size of the hash table.

  • The greater, the more memory is required but the faster it is! The value must be a prime number


Apply changes 

service apache2 restart


Apache2 configuration # Improve server performances

Mod deflate: improved the bandwidth

To improve the bandwidth, you can compress pages and type of content.

=> You can improved your bandwidth from 20 to 30%.


To do so, you need a specific module for Apache: mod_deflate 

a2enmod deflate
touch /var/log/apache2/deflate.log
chown www-data:www-data /var/log/apache2/deflate.log
chmod 740 /var/log/apache2/deflate.log

Edit your web server configuration file: 

vim /etc/apache2/conf.d/deflate.conf

Add the following lines: 

### Bandwidth optimization
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
	AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/xml text/javascript text/css application/x-javascript
	DeflateFilterNote deflate_ratio
	LogFormat "%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
	CustomLog /var/log/apache2/deflate.log vhost_with_deflate_info
</IfModule>

Restart your web server: 

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart


Mod expires: use the cache of your clients

Another way to improve performances and bandwidth: use the client's cache.

To do so, you need a specific module for Apache: mod_expires 

a2enmod expires

Edit your web server configuration file: 

vim /etc/apache2/expires.conf

Add the following lines 

#### Client's cache settings
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
	ExpiresActive on
	# set the default to 24 hours
	ExpiresDefault "access plus 24 hours"
	# cache shockwave-flash for 2 weeks (days | weeks | mounths | years)
	ExpiresByType application/x-shockwave-flash "access plus 2 weeks"
	ExpiresByType flv-application/octet-stream "access plus 3 days"
	# cache common graphics for 3 days
	ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 2 weeks"
	ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 2 weeks"
	ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 2 weeks"
	ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 2 weeks"
	# cache CSS for 24 hours
	ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 24 hours"
</IfModule>

Restart your web server: 

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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